环境:CentOS 6.5 64位
Docker —— 从入门到实践
Docker终极指南
此版本现在安装运行有一定的问题,建议到此链接
docker安装# yum install docker-io 最新为1.5的版本
如果没有安源,先安装
# service docker restart# ps aux|grep docker |grep -v greproot 2470 1.4 2.0 365780 15640 pts/0 Sl 17:17 0:00 /usr/bin/docker -d# docker --help #查看docker的命令# docker info# docker versionClient version: 1.5.0Client API version: 1.17Go version (client): go1.3.3Git commit (client): a8a31ef/1.5.0OS/Arch (client): linux/amd64Server version: 1.5.0Server API version: 1.17Go version (server): go1.3.3Git commit (server): a8a31ef/1.5.0
安装一个centos容器
# docker search ubuntu #搜索ubuntu镜像 [root@manager ~]# docker search centos #搜索centos镜像NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATEDcentos The official build of CentOS. 1024 [OK] ansible/centos7-ansible Ansible on Centos7 42 [OK]tutum/centos Centos p_w_picpath with SSH access. For the root... 13 [OK]blalor/centos Bare-bones base CentOS 6.5 p_w_picpath 9 [OK] [root@manager ~]# docker pull tutum/centos #拉取一个docker镜像到本地Pulling repository tutum/centos8daafe0f270b: Download complete 6941bfcbbfca: Download complete 41459f052977: Download complete fd44297e2ddb: Download complete e22c88592c50: Download complete ffce4358d6e4: Download complete 5f0574f254a5: Download complete 77ad887d94d4: Download complete 009a97f615dc: Download complete 1d9e8ea240cb: Download complete 1f071815e864: Download complete Status: Downloaded newer p_w_picpath for tutum/centos:latest[root@manager ~]# docker p_w_picpaths #查看镜像,这样就可以了REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEtutum/centos latest 8daafe0f270b 13 days ago 292.2 MB
下面说docker容器的运行,ssh登录进去
[root@manager ~]# docker run -it tutum/centos /bin/bash #开始运行一个docker[root@4c7fb1a01e9a /]# ls #根目录下有个run.sh,是开启ssh服务的bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run sbin srv tmp vardev home lib64 media opt root run.sh set_root_pw.sh sys usr [root@81b5869f7934 /]# cat run.sh #!/bin/bash if [ "${AUTHORIZED_KEYS}" != "**None**" ]; then echo "=> Found authorized keys" mkdir -p /root/.ssh chmod 700 /root/.ssh touch /root/.ssh/authorized_keys chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys IFS=$'\n' arr=$(echo ${AUTHORIZED_KEYS} | tr "," "\n") for x in $arr do x=$(echo $x |sed -e 's/^ *//' -e 's/ *$//') cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys | grep "$x" >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then echo "=> Adding public key to /root/.ssh/authorized_keys: $x" echo "$x" >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys fi donefi if [ ! -f /.root_pw_set ]; then /set_root_pw.shfiexec /usr/sbin/sshd -D [root@81b5869f7934 /]# cat set_root_pw.sh #!/bin/bash if [ -f /.root_pw_set ]; then echo "Root password already set!" exit 0fi PASS=${ROOT_PASS:-$(pwgen -s 12 1)}_word=$( [ ${ROOT_PASS} ] && echo "preset" || echo "random" )echo "=> Setting a ${_word} password to the root user"echo "root:$PASS" | chpasswd echo "=> Done!"touch /.root_pw_set echo "========================================================================"echo "You can now connect to this CentOS container via SSH using:"echo ""echo " ssh -proot@ "echo "and enter the root password '$PASS' when prompted"echo ""echo "Please remember to change the above password as soon as possible!"echo "========================================================================"#需要对ssh配置做如下改动 [root@87d9ae33bd8b /]# sed -ri 's/UsePAM yes/#UsePAM yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config[root@87d9ae33bd8b /]# sed -ri 's/#UsePAM no/UsePAM no/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config#先不要退出
#这时候需要新开或复制一下这个ssh,进行下面操作:
[root@manager ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES87d9ae33bd8b tutum/centos:latest "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute 22/tcp elegant_hodgkin [root@manager ~]# docker commit 87d9ae33bd8b new_centosaaf36507c751aed68eb2589136cc5ade1b6f062a18fe00733a10afa3780e5c91 [root@manager ~]# docker p_w_picpathsREPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZEnew_centos latest aaf36507c751 6 seconds ago 292.2 MB[root@manager ~]# docker run -d -p 0.0.0.0:2222:22 new_centos /run.sh683198a36fcbb8d95cbe63d70c0daa1dc81d0bce9ebd304b731e20aef77cb0ff [root@manager ~]# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES683198a36fcb new_centos:latest "/run.sh" 3 seconds ago Up 1 seconds 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp reverent_jang [root@manager ~]# docker logs 683198a36fcb 2>&1 |grep '^and enter'and enter the root password 'I2ihX1Fj4Aq2' when prompted [root@manager ~]# ssh -p 2222 root@localhostroot@localhost's password: #密码即是上面写的'I2ihX1Fj4Aq2' [root@683198a36fcb ~]# ls /bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run sbin srv tmp vardev home lib64 media opt root run.sh set_root_pw.sh sys usr
为什么会有些麻烦?
原因在于如果你是Ubuntu的系统,直接就可以使用了;然而centos的系统需要在ssh配置里面把“UsePAM yes”禁用才可以ssh登录,刚开始一直卡到这里:
[root@manager ~]# ssh -p 2222 root@localhostroot@localhost's password: Connection to localhost closed.
也可以先下载centos的,这样就不会出现问题:
# wget https://github.com/tutumcloud/tutum-centos/archive/master.zip# unzip tutum-centos-master.zip# cd tutum-centos-master# docker build -t tutum/centos:centos6 centos6 #这一步是构建docker镜像,是根据Dockerfile文件执行操作指令,可以根据自己的需求修改Dockerfile# cat centos6/Dockerfile FROM centos:centos6MAINTAINER Feng HonglinRUN yum -y install openssh-server epel-release && \ yum -y install pwgen && \ rm -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key && \ ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t dsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key && \ ssh-keygen -q -N "" -t rsa -f /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key && \ sed -i "s/#UsePrivilegeSeparation.*/UsePrivilegeSeparation no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_config && \ sed -i "s/UsePAM.*/UsePAM no/g" /etc/ssh/sshd_configADD set_root_pw.sh /set_root_pw.sh #把本地脚本复制到docker里面ADD run.sh /run.shRUN chmod +x /*.sh #执行命令ENV AUTHORIZED_KEYS **None** #设置环境变量EXPOSE 22 #对外22端口CMD ["/run.sh"]# docker p_w_picpaths #查看构建的docker镜像
#给docker的内存设置为最大100M,cpu使用率不超过50%,本地40000端口映射到docker的22端口[root@manager ~]# docker run -m 100m -c 512 -d -p 40000:22 new_centos /run.sh 566d0985af12d1a8aadfc39e94cf826a053347f1bec4084ee4b81476dcf4e7d1 [root@manager ~]# docker ps #查看运行的docker CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESe10324ba99ca centos:centos6 "/bin/bash" 38 minutes ago Up 38 minutes elegant_lalande
docker容器安装nginx
ssh进入容器后,安装一个nginx
# yum install nginx -y# /usr/sbin/nginx# ps aux|grep nginxroot 154 0.0 0.2 109392 2136 ? Ss 03:28 0:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginxnginx 155 0.0 0.3 109812 3000 ? S 03:28 0:00 nginx: worker process
到这里,大家应该就明白以后怎么继续做了,具体怎么配置docker的容器,生成自己定制的一套环境,大家各自大显身手,这篇是希望通过这些步骤明白docker具体的操作方法
tutum/centos 这个镜像也可以这么玩,先设定密码或者私钥:
# docker run -d -p 2222:22 -e ROOT_PASS='mypass' new_centos /run.sh
# docker psCONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMESfdf9c04e3d60 new_centos:latest "/run.sh" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:2222->22/tcp determined_feynman
# ssh -p 2222 root@localhost[root@fdf9c04e3d60 ~]# cat /etc/centos-releaseCentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core)
tutum/centos 差点忘说了,这个版本的容器是centos 7.1
或者用私钥登录
docker run -d -p 2222:22 -e AUTHORIZED_KEYS="`cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub`" new_centos /run.sh
docker的常用命令
# docker pull <镜像名:tag> #拉取一个镜像# docker p_w_picpaths #查看p_w_picpaths# docker run -i -t p_w_picpath_name /bin/bash #交互式进入容器# docker ps #查看运行的docker # docker logs <镜像名:tag> #查看容器的logs# docker start/stop/kill <镜像名:tag> # docker rm $(docker ps -a -q) #删除所有容器# docker rmi $(docker p_w_picpaths | grep none | awk '{print $3}' | sort -r) #删除所有镜像# docker build -t <镜像名>#构建自己的镜像# docker cp 683198a36fcb:/run.sh . #从docker复制一个文件到当前目录# docker save new_centos:latest > net_centos.tar #保存镜像# docker load < net_centos.tar #载入镜像# docker run --help #更多的命令自己查看一下,相当丰富 Commands: attach Attach to a running container build Build an p_w_picpath from a Dockerfile commit Create a new p_w_picpath from a container's changes cp Copy files/folders from a container's filesystem to the host path create Create a new container diff Inspect changes on a container's filesystem events Get real time events from the server exec Run a command in a running container export Stream the contents of a container as a tar archive history Show the history of an p_w_picpath p_w_picpaths List p_w_picpaths import Create a new filesystem p_w_picpath from the contents of a tarball info Display system-wide information inspect Return low-level information on a container or p_w_picpath kill Kill a running container load Load an p_w_picpath from a tar archive login Register or log in to a Docker registry server logout Log out from a Docker registry server logs Fetch the logs of a container port Lookup the public-facing port that is NAT-ed to PRIVATE_PORT pause Pause all processes within a container ps List containers pull Pull an p_w_picpath or a repository from a Docker registry server push Push an p_w_picpath or a repository to a Docker registry server rename Rename an existing container restart Restart a running container rm Remove one or more containers rmi Remove one or more p_w_picpaths run Run a command in a new container save Save an p_w_picpath to a tar archive search Search for an p_w_picpath on the Docker Hub start Start a stopped container stats Display a live stream of one or more containers' resource usage statistics stop Stop a running container tag Tag an p_w_picpath into a repository top Lookup the running processes of a container unpause Unpause a paused container version Show the Docker version information wait Block until a container stops, then print its exit codeRun 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command 镜像名> 镜像名:tag> 镜像名:tag> 镜像名:tag>
更精彩的docker教程,在 PHP沙盒基于docker的自动化实现